Compared with other fertilization treatments, the mixture compound fertilizer and SAP application significantly improved the seedling photosynthesis, which meant that the SAP had a significant effect on promoting photosynthesis. Fertilization significantly improved the physiological performance, root collar diameter growth, height growth, biomass, and nutrient uptake of the seedlings.

One control (no fertilizer, CK) and fertilization treatments were established, namely, single compound fertilizer application (0.94, 1.89, and 3.56 g⋅plant –1 ) and mixture compound fertilizer and SAP application (0.94 + 1.01, 1.89 + 1.01, and 3.56 + 1.01 g⋅plant –1 ). massoniana seedlings for 2 years at Changting, Fujian in South China. This field study examined the effects of compound fertilizer and super absorbent polymer (SAP) on the physiology, growth characteristics, biomass, soil nutrient, plant nutrient content, and nutrient uptake efficiency of 1-year-old P. Pinus massoniana is the pioneer tree species in the red soil regions of southern China, however, the serious understory soil erosion and nutrient deficiency in that region are the main factors restricting the growth of P. spirorbis as a good nurse tree candidate in the framework of ecological restoration of mine sites. spirorbis enabled diversification and adaptation of the T. We also observed a higher number of shared OTUs between T. calobuxus with an increase in diversity, notably the appearance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) affiliated with /russulaceae, /boletus and /pisolithus-scleroderma and a decrease in ubiquitous nursery orders such as /sebacinales and /helotiales. We observed changes in the composition of fungal communities of T. calobuxus saplings at transplanting time and 13 months later. Using molecular characterisation of ITS rDNA, we char-acterised ECM fungal communities of A. We transplanted ECM seedlings of Tristani-opsis calobuxus from the nursery to bare ferralitic soils harbouring some scattered 12-year-old Acacia spirorbis to be used as ECM nurse plants. To improve ecological restoration in New Caledonia, new technical itineraries have undergone experimentation using ECM as a plant nurse, allowing ECM saplings to rapidly acquire a wide range of ECM fungi. In such harsh soil conditions, ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis is important for tree growth, survival, and resistance. Rehabilitation of nickel mines in New Caledonia is a major concern. & Gris seedlings for the restoration of nickel mines in New Caledonia. We investigated the suitability of Acacia spirorbis Labill., a tropical ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree, as a nurse plant to improve the growth of Tristaniopsis calobuxus Brongn. Slow-release N source based on wood chips could be beneficial both to increase survival in natural conditions and for environment protection.

The phenomenon of N immobilisation on wood chips could be explored further to develop a slow-release N source, aptly reflecting N availability in natural conditions. Further testing of the wood material showed that wood chips seemed to decrease seedling growth via nitrogen (N) immobilisation rather than a direct toxic effect. Wood chips had no effect on mycorrhization. However, this effect levelled off with time and depended on the quality of the wood.

Wood chips initially decreased the growth of seedlings. Wood chips were chosen because they are common forest side-streams, and their compounds have shown a potential to improve mycorrhization and seedling fitness. stemwood chips or polyphenol- and resin acid-rich knotwood chips. To improve the quality of the seedlings in natural conditions, we sowed spruce seeds on growing media with the addition of wood chips, i.e. These nursery-grown seedlings do not necessarily possess well-developed ectomycorrhizal symbionts, which help to obtain nutrients and increase resilience in exchange for seedling photoassimilated carbon. However, nursery-grown seedlings often exhibit poor performance after outplanting due to the lack of adaptation to harsh natural conditions.

Tree seedlings are produced in tree nurseries.

Norway spruce seedlings